![]() Melanoma has followed a similar track, leading some researchers to argue that screening is not saving lives, just leading to more melanoma diagnoses. Deaths from thyroid cancer, however, have remained unchanged. The increase was driven largely by the incidental discovery of small thyroid tumors, such as during imaging scans of the neck and head for other health problems. But its incidence in the United States skyrocketed over several decades before stabilizing in the mid-2010s. Thyroid cancer, for example, was once rare. Learn to interpret the statistical results of cancer screening studies. What Cancer Screening Statistics Really Tell Us In other words, if truly life-threatening cancers were being found early enough to be treated successfully, the number of deaths from that cancer should drop. When there is a sustained increase in the incidence of a type of cancer that can be found through early detection, but the number of people dying from it stays the same, it automatically raises concerns about overdiagnosis. Routine skin checks, specifically a kind known as total-body skin examinations, have become commonplace among dermatologists in particular, even if a person is coming in for another reason. It’s now the fifth most common cancer-behind breast, lung, prostate, and colon.Īs is the case with some of those other common cancers, melanoma’s increased incidence has been linked to the fact that doctors are looking for it more than they used to. ![]() Once a rare form of cancer, melanoma’s incidence in the United States has steadily and consistently climbed over the past five decades. Uncertainty around screening for melanoma “That would be throwing out the baby with the bathwater,” she said. It also doesn’t mean that the increase in melanoma incidence over the past several decades should be solely chalked up to overdiagnosis and ignored or dismissed as irrelevant. But that doesn’t mean that some of the melanomas being found aren’t potentially deadly. Identifying so many early-stage melanomas “does raise a concern about overdiagnosis,” Dr. The findings also contribute to an ongoing debate about screening for skin cancer: Does it reduce the number of deaths from melanoma, which is the goal of screening? Or is it simply leading to lots of people being diagnosed with a cancer that would never have caused them any harm, a phenomenon called overdiagnosis? Ferris said, “If you go looking for something, you tend to find more of it, and you tend to find more early-stage disease.” The findings reinforce an underlying expectation that comes with screening for any cancer, explained the study’s lead investigator, Laura Ferris, M.D., Ph.D., professor of dermatology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. In the case of in situ cancers, for example, the difference was more than two-fold. These are called in situ (or stage 0) and stage 1 melanomas, respectively.Īlthough the study leaders expected that more early-stage melanomas would be found, they didn’t necessarily anticipate the extent to which screening would increase the likelihood of being diagnosed with these thin melanomas. In other words, the suspect moles found, and subsequently removed, by doctors during screening were present only on the top layer of the skin-known as the epidermis-or 1 mm or less below the epidermis. They showed that people who were screened for skin cancer during the 5-year study period were more likely to be diagnosed with very early-stage melanoma than those who were not screened, according to results reported April 6 in JAMA Dermatology. The findings were not necessarily surprising. The NCI-supported observational study involved nearly 600,000 people who went to see their primary care physician for a routine visit. With that backdrop come new results from one of the largest skin cancer screening initiatives of its kind conducted in the United States. But professional dermatology organizations and skin cancer advocacy groups aren’t necessarily on the same page, with at least one recommending that adults have annual skin checks. In its most recent recommendations, an influential federal health advisory panel said there isn’t enough evidence to recommend for or against routine skin cancer screening. Should people undergo regular checks for skin cancer, particularly the deadliest form, melanoma? That depends on who you ask.
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